Boundary finite size corrections for multiparticle states and planar AdS/CFT

We propose formulas for the L\"uscher type finite size energy correction of multiparticle states on the interval and evaluate them for the simplest case in the AdS/CFT setting. By this we determine the leading wrapping correction to the anomalous dimension of the simplest determinant type operator, which corresponds to a one particle state on the Y=0 brane.Comment: 21 pages, 22 eps figures, v2: references added, v3: typos, fermionic signs are corrected in section 4, explicit results simplified, conclusion is unchange

Spectral curve for open strings attached to the Y=0 brane

The concept of spectral curve is generalized to open strings in AdS/CFT with integrability preserving boundary conditions. Our definition is based on the logarithms of the eigenvalues of the open monodromy matrix and makes possible to determine all the analytic, symmetry and asymptotic properties of the quasimomenta. We work out the details of the whole construction for the Y = 0 brane boundary condition. The quasimomenta of open circular strings are explicitly calculated. We use the asymptotic solutions of the Y -system and the boundary Bethe Ansatz equations to recover the spectral curve in the strong coupling scaling limit. Using the curve the quasiclassical fluctuations of some open string solutions are also studied.Comment: 34 pages, 2 figures; v3: typos corrected, sect.2.2 improve

Defect scaling Lee-Yang model from the perturbed DCFT point of view

We analyze the defect scaling Lee-Yang model from the perturbed defect conformal field theory (DCFT) point of view. First the defect Lee-Yang model is solved by calculating its structure constants from the sewing relations. Integrable defect perturbations are identified in conformal defect perturbation theory. Then pure defect flows connecting integrable conformal defects are described. We develop a defect truncated conformal space approach (DTCSA) to analyze the one parameter family of integrable massive perturbations in finite volume numerically. Fusing the integrable defect to an integrable boundary the relation between the IR and UV parameters can be derived from the boundary relations. We checked these results by comparing the spectrum for large volumes to the scattering theory.Comment: LaTeX, 33 pages, 9 figures, figures adde

On integrable boundaries in the 2 dimensional O(N)O(N) σ\sigma-models

We make an attempt to map the integrable boundary conditions for 2 dimensional non-linear O(N) $\sigma$-models. We do it at various levels: classically, by demanding the existence of infinitely many conserved local charges and also by constructing the double row transfer matrix from the Lax connection, which leads to the spectral curve formulation of the problem; at the quantum level, we describe the solutions of the boundary Yang-Baxter equation and derive the Bethe-Yang equations. We then show how to connect the thermodynamic limit of the boundary Bethe-Yang equations to the spectral curve.Comment: Dedicated to the memory of Petr Kulish, 31 pages, 1 figure, v2: conformality and integrability of the boundary conditions are distinguishe

NLIE for hole excited states in the sine-Gordon model with two boundaries

We derive a nonlinear integral equation (NLIE) for some bulk excited states of the sine-Gordon model on a finite interval with general integrable boundary interactions, including boundary terms proportional to the first time derivative of the field. We use this NLIE to compute numerically the dimensions of these states as a function of scale, and check the UV and IR limits analytically. We also find further support for the ground-state NLIE by comparison with boundary conformal perturbation theory (BCPT), boundary truncated conformal space approach (BTCSA) and the boundary analogue of the Luscher formula.Comment: 31 pages, LaTeX; graphicx, epstopdf, 4 figure

The spectrum of tachyons in AdS/CFT

We analyze the spectrum of open strings stretched between a D-brane and an anti-D-brane in planar AdS/CFT using various tools. We focus on open strings ending on two giant gravitons with different orientation in $AdS_5 \times S^5$ and study the spectrum of string excitations using the following approaches: open spin-chain, boundary asymptotic Bethe ansatz and boundary thermodynamic Bethe ansatz (BTBA). We find agreement between a perturbative high order diagrammatic calculation in ${\cal N}=4$ SYM and the leading finite-size boundary Luscher correction. We study the ground state energy of the system at finite coupling by deriving and numerically solving a set of BTBA equations. While the numerics give reasonable results at small coupling, they break down at finite coupling when the total energy of the string gets close to zero, possibly indicating that the state turns tachyonic. The location of the breakdown is also predicted analytically.Comment: 40 pages, lots of figures, v2: typos corrected, accepted for publication in JHE

2019 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias : Lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk

Correction: Volume: 292 Pages: 160-162 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.11.020 Published: JAN 2020Peer reviewe

Effects of Wnt Signaling on Brown Adipocyte Differentiation and Metabolism Mediated by PGC-1α

Activation of canonical Wnt signaling inhibits brown adipogenesis of cultured cells by impeding induction of PPARγ and C/EBPα. Although enforced expression of these adipogenic transcription factors restores lipid accumulation and expression of FABP4 in Wnt-expressing cells, additional expression of PGC-1α is required for activation of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Wnt10b blocks brown adipose tissue development and expression of UCP1 when expressed from the fatty acid binding protein 4 promoter, even when mice are administered a β3-agonist. In differentiated brown adipocytes, activation of Wnt signaling suppresses expression of UCP1 through repression of PGC-1α. Consistent with these in vitro observations, UCP1-Wnt10b transgenic mice, which express Wnt10b in interscapular tissue, lack functional brown adipose tissue. While interscapular tissue of UCP1-Wnt10b mice lacks expression of PGC-1α and UCP1, the presence of unilocular lipid droplets and expression of white adipocyte genes suggest conversion of brown adipose tissue to white. Reciprocal expression of Wnt10b with UCP1 and PGC-1α in interscapular tissue from cold-challenged or genetically obese mice provides further evidence for regulation of brown adipocyte metabolism by Wnt signaling. Taken together, these data suggest that activation of canonical Wnt signaling early in differentiation blocks brown adipogenesis, whereas activating Wnt signaling in mature brown adipocytes stimulates their conversion to white adipocytes